![]() Previous work has outlined differences in photoperiod threshold across different cultivars, in controlled environments as well as field conditions ( Stack et al., 2021 Zhang et al., 2021). Additionally, cannabinoid profiles change throughout the maturation of the inflorescence, making initiation of flowering an important factor in timing regulatory compliance testing and harvest ( Toth et al., 2021 Zhang et al., 2021). For cannabinoid production, as with grain production, precocious flowering may result in reduced floral biomass yield, while plants that do not flower by the end of the season fail to accumulate high concentrations of cannabinoids ( Stack et al., 2021). This is especially challenging for subtropical and tropical latitudes where most days of the year have nights longer than the critical night threshold ( Zhang et al., 2021). Grain hemp must flower early enough such that grain can be harvested before frost if growing in temperate latitudes, but precocious flowering can lead to severe yield penalties due to a lack of time to accumulate biomass that provides photosynthate for grain filling. Fiber hemp benefits from a long growing season, as harvest usually occurs around the flowering date, and early flowering results in a shorter vegetative growth phase to accumulate biomass ( Salentijn et al., 2019). Flowering time is important for all major market classes, and uniform flowering dates within a cultivar are essential for ease of harvest. Hemp ( Cannabis sativa) is a multi-use crop that is widely considered a photoperiod sensitive, short-day plant. ![]() Also detailed are the flowering responses of diverse cultivars grown in continuous light and the result of crossing two photoperiod insensitive cultivars of differing pedigree. Breeder-friendly high-throughput molecular marker assays were subsequently developed for both loci. In this work, the locus responsible for the “autoflower” trait ( Autoflower1), as well as a major-effect flowering time locus, Early1, were mapped using bulked segregant analysis. sativa are photoperiod insensitive, colloquially referred to as “autoflowering.” This trait has anecdotally been described as a simple recessive trait with major impacts on phenology and yield. ![]() Variations in flowering time within and across cultivars in outdoor grown populations have been previously identified, likely corresponding to genetic differences in this critical night length. sativa is usually considered a short-day plant, flowering once night length reaches a critical threshold. Flowering time is an important trait for all major market classes of hemp ( Cannabis sativa), affecting yields and quality of grain, fiber, and cannabinoids. ![]()
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